The Rehabilitation of Palmyra's Tomb and its Funerary Rites (Case Study of the Tower Tombs)

Abstract

The main factor influencing the proposed intervention framework for the Palmyrene burial towers is the architectural, historical, and symbolic identity of these monuments, which has been studied through a comparative analysis of their design characteristics and surviving physical evidence. From this perspective, this research aims to develop a systematic restoration approach based on architectural heritage values and multiple levels of intervention applicable to post-conflict heritage sites, using a selection of eight tomb tower models located in the Valley of the Tombs in Palmyra. The study consists of three interrelated states: 1. documentation and comparative architectural analysis based on historical references, architectural records, and photographic evidence; 2. analytical classification of architectural components, including construction system, facade composition, burial pattern, and state of preservation; and 3. creation of an integrated intervention framework encompassing conservation, rehabilitation, and restoration, supported by technological construction tools where necessary. The results of the study show that tower tombs include stable architectural elements influenced by symbolic funerary concepts and environmental considerations, while decorative and stylistic differences reflect temporal evolution and social hierarchy. Based on these findings, the proposed intervention guidelines offer a step-by-step methodology that can be adapted to each tower according to its level of deterioration, authenticity value, and reconstruction potential.